The paper considers the application of waste sorption MATERIAL utilization and pumpkin seed husks formed during the extraction of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, as a combustible additive to clay mixtures in production of the POROUS ceramics. In this regard, this study evluates the effects of different amounts (2-8%) of the spent sorption MATERIAL in the charge composition with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic samples obtained by firing at temperatures of 950-1050 ° C. One finding is that the combustion of the organic additive is accompanied by the formation of voids and the release of gases with the formation of pores in the ceramic piece. Another finding is that all clay mixtures with a combustible additive allow the production of POROUS ceramics to meet the requirements for compressive strength, porosity, density, water absorption and linear shrinkage. It is recommended using 4 % of combustive additive in order to obtain optimal properties in terms of density and strength. During the testing of the developed POROUS ceramics for heavy metal leaching, the MATERIAL does not pose an environmental hazard. Finally, the results of this study are applicable for the construction of internal partitions and household buildings.

We have developed a mathematical model for capillary rise of magnetohydrodynamic fluids. The liquid starts to imbibe because of capillary suction in an undeformed and initially dry sponge-like POROUS MATERIAL. The driving force in our model is a pressure gradient across the evolving POROUS MATERIAL that induces a stress gradient which in turn causes deformation that is characterized by a variable solid fraction. The problem is formulated as a non-linear moving boundary problem which we solve using the method of lines approach after transforming to a fixed computational domain. The summary of our finding includes a notable reduction in capillary rise and a decrease in solid deformation due to magnetic effects.

This investigation presents MATERIAL nonlinear analysis of a cantilever bar element made of functionally graded MATERIAL with porosity properties. The MATERIAL properties of bar element are considered as changing though axial direction based on the Power-Law distribution and uniform porosity distribution. The stress-strain relation of the MATERIAL is considered as a nonlinear property according to a Power-Law function. The cantilever bar element is subjected to a point load at the free end. In order to obtain more realistic solution for the nonlinear problem and axially MATERIAL distribution, nonlinear finite element method is used. In the obtaining of finite element equations, the virtual work principle is used and, after linearization step, the tangent stiffness matrix and residual vector are obtained. In the nonlinear solution process, the incremental force method is implemented and, each load step, the nonlinear equations are solved by using the Newton-Raphson iteration method. In the numerical results, effects of MATERIAL nonlinearity parameters, porosity coefficients, MATERIAL distribution parameter and aspect ratios on nonlinear static deflections of the bar are presented and discussed. The obtained results show that the MATERIAL nonlinear behaviour of the bar element is considerably affected with porosity and MATERIAL graduation.

The effects of thermal anisotropy and mechanical anisotropy on the onset of Bernard-Marangoni convection in composite layers with anisotropic POROUS MATERIAL is studied. The upper fluid surface, free to atmosphere is considered to be deformable. The eigen value problem is solved using a regular perturbation technique with wave numbera as perturbation parameter. It is observed that both stabilizing and destabilizing factors can be enhanced thermalanisotropic parameter and mechanical anisotropic parameter so that a more precise control (suppress or augment) of thermal convective instability in a layer of fluid or POROUS medium is possible.

The characteristics method and the two-step Lax-Wendroff numerical method are used to analyze the different cases of unsteady compressible flow into the shock-tube. Initially the schemes ability is evaluated by comparing the predicted results with experimental ones. Then, an oscillation in density is imposed on right-hand side of shock-tube and its effect on the whole domain is analyzed. Charging and discharging processes into/or from an opened end pipe are studied for different boundary conditions using method of characteristics. Two suddenly and gradually opening boundary conditions for inlet and outlet ends are applied and it is found that instantly end opening is a suitable assumption for any charging processes, but it is not suitable for discharging one. Finally, analysis of the unsteady compressible fluid flow into a shock-tube filled by lining MATERIAL or POROUS media is investigated.